Friday, June 23, 2000

History today -- 9:46 am CST, Update by The Master

• 1865: General Stand Watie surrenders Confederate forces in the Indian Territory (today's Oklahoma) at Doaksville.
• 1868: Christopher Latham Sholes received a patent for an invention he called a "Type-Writer."
• 1888: Abolitionist Frederick Douglass received one vote from the Kentucky delegation at the Republican convention in Chicago, effectively making him the first black candidate nominated for U.S. president. (The nomination went to Benjamin Harrison.)
• 1912: Alan Turing laid the groundwork for the field of artificial intelligence. At age twenty-four, Turing suggested a theoretical calculating device that could carry out step-by-step mathematical operations based on a program. The "Turing Machine" became the theoretical model for work on digital computers in the 1940s. In his later work, he argued that computers would one day think like humans. He devised a test to measure this capacity, called the "Turing test."
• 1931: Aviators Wiley Post and Harold Gatty took off from New York on the first round-the-world flight in a single-engine plane.
• 1938: The Civil Aeronautics Authority was established.
• 1940: Adolf Hitler surveys notable sites in the French capital, now German-occupied territory.
• 1947: The Senate joined the House in overriding President Truman's veto of the Taft-Hartley Act.
• 1956: Gamal Abdel Nasser was elected president of Egypt.
• 1967: President Johnson and Soviet Premier Alexei Kosygin held the first of two meetings in Glassboro, N.J.
• 1969: Warren E. Burger was sworn in as chief U.S. justice by his predecessor, Earl Warren.
• 1972: President Nixon and White House chief of staff H.R. Haldeman discussed a plan to use the CIA to obstruct the FBI's Watergate investigation. (Revelation of the tape recording of this conversation sparked Nixon's resignation in 1974.)
• 1985: All 329 people aboard an Air-India Boeing 747 died when the plane crashed into the Atlantic Ocean near Ireland, apparently because of a bomb.
• 1995: Dr. Jonas Salk, the medical pioneer who developed the first vaccine against polio, died in La Jolla, Calif., at age 80.

News for 06/23/2000

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